Using XFELs for Probing of Complex Interaction Dynamics of Ultra-Intense Lasers with Solid Matter

摘要

We demonstrate the potential of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFEL) toadvancethe understanding of complex plasma dynamics by allowing for the firsttime nanometer and femtosecond resolution at the same time in plasmadiagnostics. Plasma phenomena on such short timescales are of high relevancefor many fields of physics, in particular in the ultra-intense ultra-shortlaser interaction with matter. Highly relevant yet only partially understoodphenomena may become directly accessible in experiment. These includerelativistic laser absorption at solid targets, creation of energetic electronsand electron transport in warm dense matter, including the seeding anddevelopment of surface and beam instabilities, ambipolar expansion, shockformation, and dynamics at the surfaces or at buried layers. We demonstrate the potentials of XFEL plasma probing for high power lasermatter interactions using exemplary the small angle X-ray scattering technique,focusing on general considerations for XFEL probing.